The War on Drugs and U.S. Foreign Policy Essay - 4152 Words

Introduction The War on Drugs has been a common phrase in the United States for many decades. What exactly does this mean and how does it shape U.S. foreign policy? The War on Drugs can be defined as the systematic and aggressive policy that is determined to undermine and stop the flow of illegal drugs into the United States. This policy is backed by several U.S. institutions including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), U.S. Army, U.S. Coast Guard, and U.S. Customs. Also, included in this list are the numerous local law enforcement agencies across the country. The U.S. government has instituted the following ways for enforcing its foreign drug†¦show more content†¦This refers to the elimination of drug crops while they are still being grown. The U.S. has used this policy in several South American countries as a means to limit drug trafficking before it has a chance to develop. However, significantly reducing crops has not always led to decreasing drug trafficking. Reduction of drug crops in one country may lead to increased production in another. This is likely to happen when one country becomes the focus of an eradication effort, while another country can increase its production to fill in the void. If there is one thing that the world market can produce, it is its high demand of illegal drugs. The Drug Policy Alliance gives cites a specific instance verifying the problems that can be associated with eradication procedures. During the mid 1990s, â€Å"eradication efforts in Bolivia and Peru created incentives to grow coc a in Columbia. While Peru experienced a 66% reduction in coca cultivation and Bolivia experienced a 53% reduction, coca cultivation in Columbia doubled. In addition, more potent strains of coca have been developed, leading to higher yielding coca crops.† This example shows the adverse effects of the policy of eradication. Main Cocaine Producing Countries Finally, the last way that the United States enforces is foreign policy on drugs is legislative reform. Legislative reform entails the laws passed to combat drug trafficking. The laws that will be looked at are not local laws suchShow MoreRelatedEssay about Counter Narcotics634 Words   |  3 Pagesnarcotics. Currently, the United States has a very stern policy regarding the use, distribution, and trafficking of drugs. However, it is clear that the current U.S. policy is failing, and the supply of illegal drugs as well as the demand is increasing. The U.S. government has focused for years on dealing with the demand aspect of this issue. Through government programs directed towards education and national awareness of the harm that drugs cause, the government has been attempting to severely reduceRead MoreThe United Statesstrategy For Combating Drug Trafficking Across Their Shared Border1521 Words   |  7 PagesSince 2008, the United States and Mexico have worked collaboratively to combat drug trafficking across their shared border. The State Department’s current position on the situation is to to support continued cooperation with Mexico and collaborate on strategies to increase security and create policy measures that strengthen the rule of law. The State Department divides the United States’ strategy for combatting drug trafficking into four strategies: targeting cartels and their operations, aidingRead MoreU.s. Relations With Colombia1022 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment of the President James Monroe in 1822, U.S opened up relations with Colombia; with a strategical interest for both nations. The agreements were based in expanding commercial relations and strengthen amity. However, U.S relations with Colombia took a different turn as a result of a new era Colombia’s civil war and drug trafficking . The interest of improve the foreign policy and the security of both countries; In order to maintain the U.S relations with Colombia, an analysis of the conflictRead MorePresident Franklin Roosevelt And The United States1699 Words   |  7 PagesHoover Administration’s policies were created to strengthen relations with Latin America; for instance the retraction of the Theodore Roosevelt’s Corollary to the 1823 Monroe Doctrine that stated only the U.S. could gather debts owned by foreigners to countries in the Western hemisphere. It took President Franklin Roosevelt and his administration over 10 years to achieve many of the original Good Neighbor Policy. Roosevelt had two main reason for pursuing the Good Neighbor Policy. 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The drug cartel is infamous for their ability to kidnapped, corrupt, and kill anyone trying to crackdown or expose any operation. Due to this corruption within local governments drug activity has been ableRead MoreThe Battle On Terror And The War On Drugs953 Words   |  4 PagesIn many ways, the war on terror and the war on drugs have merged. The type of red scare rhetoric from the McCarthy era became nearly interchangeable with the drug war and terrorism during the Reagan administration. â€Å"We’re in the middle of a major epidemic...Parents hav e a right to feel terror,† said Donald Ian MacDonald, Reagan’s top drug advisor. He was referring to drugs. Marlin Fitzwater, Reagan’s Press Secretary openly admitted that â€Å"everybody wants to out-drug each other in terms of politicalRead MoreThe Impact Of Latin American Culture On Latin America1656 Words   |  7 PagesImagine being in an active war zone, living in Latin America would be much like that. 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Classroom Management Theory Essay - 1457 Words

Students enter the classroom with differing personalities and levels of learning. Hence, it is important that pre-service teachers are equipped with knowledge and understanding of the different theories of classroom management. Theories such as Goal Centered Theory [GCT], Cognitive Behavioural Theory [CBT] and Assertive Discipline Theory [AD] facilitate supportive learning environments to offer students superlative conditions to succeed at school. Research recommends the adoption of a single approach to inform and guide a pre-service teachers’ classroom management style; however, a teacher’s beliefs, attitudes and values help inform the best approach, whether that is aligning with one theory, a consolidation of concurring practices from†¦show more content†¦24). To implement GCT effectively, teachers must be able to distinguish a student’s individual motivation to misbehave and negotiate alternative solutions to prevent their misbehaviour (Dempsey Arthu r-Kelly, 2007, p.122: Lyons et al., p. 24). For example, by using preventative strategies such as engaging in whole class discussions, explicit instructions, modelled consistency and offering choice with rules, consequence and academic tasks, students may be able to recognise their personal intentions and maintain suitable behaviours (Lyons et al., p. 24). GCT has many strengths, for instance, it provides teachers with an effective framework to distinguish their students’ motivation to misbehave. Furthermore, it helps students to recognise and adapt their own misbehaviour that may arise from failure to meet social needs. GCT encourages constructive classroom environments, where students are intrinsically motivated and actively involved in their learning, thus they demonstrate accountability for their own academic achievement whilst considering the needs of others. However, critics of GCT believe that not every student has the need to be socially accepted and other reasons such as an inability to recognise motives or hidden motives may be responsible for their misbehaviour (Lyons et al., 2014, p. 24). Moreover, teachers who have limitedShow MoreRelatedClassroom Behavior and Management Theories Essay2743 Words   |  11 Pagesthe classroom behavior and management theories of Judicious Discipline and Love and Logic: Taking Contr ol of the Classroom,. I will attempt to summarize, in some detail, the authors’ findings and compare and contrast their main points. I will discuss how these two models influence and agree with, or contradict my own behavior management beliefs. 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Iron Crowned Chapter 13 Free Essays

The journey back was uneventful, the most notable thing being the afterglow that now burned between Kiyo and me – something I now questioned the wisdom of. My words had been true: I’d never stopped caring about him. But he’d been right too: what had happened between us back in the glade had come from my own outrage and need to get back at Dorian. We will write a custom essay sample on Iron Crowned Chapter 13 or any similar topic only for you Order Now That wasn’t really a good reason to start a relationship. It wasn’t even a really good reason for casual sex, and honestly, I wasn’t sure what my status was with Kiyo at the moment. Deanna reappeared and followed along so quietly and obediently that I finally broke the silence to reassure her I’d keep my part of the bargain. Her drab face lit up, and I had to give her credit for not pushing the matter until I settled my other business. Kiyo and I went straight to Dorian’s, once we’d crossed back into more familiar territory. My plan was to deal with him first and then jump to the human world. I thought it would be safer to have the crown there. Dorian’s guards met me with pleased grins, and while they were surprised to see Kiyo, most seemed to know I’d been off on some secret mission. Coming back alive was a good sign. As soon as we entered the castle, I ordered a messenger to go to Katrice and inform her that I now possessed the Iron Crown and that if she wanted to talk surrender, I was all ears. As Dorian’s consort, I had the power to order around his staff – but I had a feeling that would end soon. Kiyo and I were admitted into Dorian’s exalted presence out in a courtyard, where he was making a long-tormented courtier named Muran play the harp. I knew for a fact that Muran had had exactly one lesson, and Dorian seemed quite amused watching the guy struggle through. This kind of thing was one of Dorian’s greatest pastimes, and usually, even though I felt bad for Muran, it provided me with a little amusement. Today I felt none. When we entered the courtyard, Dorian took one look at our faces and promptly ordered everyone away – even his guards. He still wore that small, carefree smile, but I’d seen a subtle shift in the lines of his face. He knew something was up. His astuteness was what made him such a good ruler. â€Å"Well, here you are,† he said, sitting back in the gentry equivalent of a lawn chair. Except, of course, I’d never seen Home Depot sell anything so ornate and gilded. Normally when I arrived, Dorian kissed me, but his wariness must have held him back. â€Å"As beautiful as ever, my dear, if a little beat up around the edges. I suppose this means you either succeeded or just barely escaped with your life?† â€Å"We succeeded,† I said. â€Å"I’ve got the crown.† Again – that smile didn’t change, but an eager light flickered in Dorian’s eyes. He leaned forward. â€Å"I knew it. I knew you could do it.† He studied me up and down, his gaze finally resting on the bag over my shoulder. â€Å"May I see it?† â€Å"No,† I said bluntly. â€Å"No one’s going to see it. It’s going to be hidden away where it can’t be used to start eating up people’s lands.† Dorian’s eyebrows rose, and he began to speak. I could already imagine a hundred variations of what was going to come out of his mouth, something along the lines of, â€Å"Whatever are you talking about, my dear?† I stepped forward, my control snapping as I cut him off. â€Å"Don’t start! Don’t even start with some sugar-coated denial. You’ve known all along what the crown could do! You knew it’d scare Katrice because it meant I – and by default you – could take over her kingdom!† Dorian hesitated, and again, I could guess at the thoughts spinning in his head. Denial or backpedaling? He finally went with the latter. â€Å"And what better way to push her into peace?† he said at last. â€Å"The point of a war like this is to eventually march over and subdue someone anyway. Isn’t it much simpler and faster to achieve that same end through another way?† â€Å"A way that rips her land from her!† I exclaimed. â€Å"And sticks me with another fucking kingdom!† I stepped forward and had to forcibly keep myself from getting closer. I was so, so angry. So angry that this man I cared about could do this to me. I was almost angrier at him than Katrice at the moment. From her, at least, I expected betrayal. â€Å"And that’s what you would have wanted to do – not just scare her. You would have found some way, some justification for taking that drastic step, just like you got me to go after this in the first place.† Much of the humor had faded from Dorian’s face now. â€Å"And would you have gone after it if you’d known?† â€Å"No.† He shrugged. â€Å"Well, there you have it.† I was aghast. â€Å"That’s it? How the hell can you be so lax about this? How can you act like it’s okay to have tricked me from the beginning – you and that hag? How can you claim to love me and lie to me?† â€Å"I do love you,† he said. â€Å"More than you know. I did this for your own good.† â€Å"You did it for your own good,† I snapped. â€Å"I can’t believe I fell for it again. You’ve done this before, and now I’m done. Done with you. Done with all of this. I don’t need your help anymore. I’ll finish this fucking war on my own.† â€Å"Eugenie,† warned Kiyo softly. He didn’t contradict me, not in front of Dorian, but I understood the subtext. It was the point he’d made before: not to spurn Dorian’s military help. Dorian scoffed, sharing that sentiment. â€Å"Of course you need me. If you can get past your hurt pride, you’ll see that we’re in this together. Use the crown however you want, but be reasonable so that the two of us can finally end this war.† My voice was low and dangerous when I spoke. I was furious that he could be so condescending, that he assumed he could just smooth this all over. â€Å"There is no more us.† â€Å"Now you’re just overreacting,† he said. â€Å"We need to finish this war together, and we need to be together, period. We’re meant to be.† â€Å"No,† I said. â€Å"We’re done. It’s over.† I could see from his face that he didn’t take that seriously either. He didn’t get it. His ego wouldn’t allow him to. Before he could respond, Kiyo lightly touched my arm. â€Å"Be careful. Look what you’re doing.† I glanced around. The wind was rising and falling, making the apple trees sway back and forth. Dark clouds began to gather above. It wasn’t uncommon for my emotions to unconsciously affect the weather, but the fact that I could do it in a land under someone else’s control was a sign of how much my power had grown. If Dorian had wanted sunny weather, it should have stayed that way. The realization of what I could do was heady. Nonetheless, I pushed back, calming the air and dissipating the storm clouds. But Dorian wasn’t concerned about any of that. His attention had snapped to one small gesture: Kiyo’s touch on my arm. I’m not sure how Dorian knew – maybe just the way Kiyo and I stood near each other – but in that moment, Dorian realized what had happened between Kiyo and me. And that, more than any of the arguments here, was what finally broke that laid-back attitude. His face turned to stone. â€Å"Oh,† he said to Kiyo, voice completely devoid of emotion. â€Å"I see. It’s your turn again.† Outrage filled me at the insinuation that I could be passed around – a sentiment not unlike what Kiyo himself had expressed. Dorian allowed me no chance to counter. â€Å"Well, if that’s how it’s going to be, then that’s how it’s going to be. You may be right that there’s no us, but we are still in this war together. My armies are too enmeshed, and I can hardly let Katrice think I’m backing down. Dareth!† Dorian’s voice rang out, loudly enough that one of the guards behind the glass doors heard. He swiftly opened the doors and stepped outside. â€Å"Your Majesty?† â€Å"Please escort the Thorn Queen and her pet from the premises. They are denied hospitality. Do not admit them again. Should any of her household come, they may be allowed into my presence.† His eyes flicked to me. â€Å"Send Rurik as your proxy for all military matters. He was doing all the work anyway.† Dorian’s attention went back to his guard. â€Å"You have your orders.† Dareth had trouble keeping the shock off his face. I had become a fixture around here, treated nearly the same as Dorian. After a few moments, Dareth composed his features, his loyalty to his king overriding any disbelief he might feel. He turned to me, expression formal. He gestured inside. â€Å"Your Majesty.† The respect was there, but the message was clear. I was being thrown out and could see Dareth practically praying I wouldn’t resist. I didn’t, and while a dozen parting retorts to Dorian filled my head, I shoved them aside. He thrived on that kind of attention. It would only make him feel more important, and I wanted it made clear that I really was done with him – even though the cold reality of what was happening made my heart break. Kiyo and I began to follow Dareth without comment, but then I paused. Reaching toward my neck, I ripped off the necklace I wore, the one with Dorian’s ring. I tossed it at his feet, meeting his gaze with a message I hoped he understood. He did. His answered mine with green fury. â€Å"I said get out of here.† I turned away, letting Dareth take us to the castle’s front doors. As soon as we were outside, I heard him giving instructions about the revoking of our hospitality. I imagined the other guards shared his shock, but I walked on without looking back. Once Kiyo and I had traveled far enough that the land shifted and put us in Maiwenn’s kingdom, he turned to look at me. â€Å"Are you okay?† he asked, worry in those dark eyes. â€Å"Fine,† I said flatly. I was confident my anger was justified †¦ but leaving Dorian still hurt. He’d dismissed me so easily, once he’d realized I’d slept with Kiyo. I’d expected something †¦ something more emotional, I guess. Some sign that I’d meant more to him than a useful consort. I should have known better. â€Å"Let’s go back to Tucson.† I’d kept Volusian and Deanna away while we’d met with Dorian but brought them both back now. I told Deanna to come to my home tomorrow and that we’d start working on her problem then. To Volusian, I gave orders to return to the Thorn Land. He would tell Rurik to go to Dorian and then wait until word came back from Katrice. I had no doubt that word of my being banned from Dorian’s would spread around quickly enough; I didn’t want to see the reactions of my people when that happened. Kiyo and I crossed back to Arizona at a nearby gateway, going to his place instead of mine so that he could redo my stitches. He was as good as any ‘real’ doctor, and I didn’t want to have to explain my new cuts and bruises to someone else. A slew of cats and dogs greeted me when I entered his apartment, making me feel oddly nostalgic. â€Å"Are you sure you’re okay?† Kiyo asked later. I was lying stomach-down on his bed while his needle went to work on the cut. My cheek rested on a pillow, my only view being his dresser as I tried to stay still. â€Å"Fine.† â€Å"You keep saying that, but what went down was pretty serious.† I could imagine the frown on his face. â€Å"I didn’t expect him to pull hospitality.† â€Å"He knows we slept together,† I said. â€Å"Guys get upset when their girlfriends do that.† I’d broken up with Dorian in my head the instant I found out about the deception, but as far as he was concerned, I’d cheated on him. Maybe I had. But betraying someone who’d deceived you didn’t seem like that much of a betrayal. â€Å"Yes,† said Kiyo. â€Å"Yes, they do.† He tied off his thread and re-bandaged it all. â€Å"Please, please do not pull these out again. The fact that this isn’t infected is a miracle.† â€Å"I won’t,† I said, sitting up and carefully putting my shirt back on. â€Å"I don’t plan on getting in any fights for a while. I’m staying out of the Otherworld until they really need me, and investigating Deanna’s murder should only involve questions. Actually, I’m hoping to pass it off on someone else.† â€Å"She won’t like that,† he said. â€Å"It’ll get it done,† I said. â€Å"And she’ll like that. Probably even faster than if I did it.† I started to stand, but Kiyo caught hold of my hand and kept me down. His expression turned sly. â€Å"You want to stay for a while?† I shook my head, smiling faintly. â€Å"I’ve got some things to do. Besides, just because we did what we did doesn’t mean †¦ well, it doesn’t mean things are the same again.† His mischievous smile faded. â€Å"You’re right. A lot kind of got rushed. I suppose we should †¦ I don’t know. Do you want to go on a date?† â€Å"A date?† I laughed in spite of myself. It seemed so out of place after what we’d been through these last few days. Too ordinary. â€Å"Dinner and a movie?† â€Å"Something like that. I could pick you up later, after your errands are done. Or tomorrow if you need a little more time.† A little more time? Maybe I needed a lot more time. I really didn’t know. I might have jumped into bed – figuratively speaking – right after my relationship with Dorian had crumbled, but as I’d said, that didn’t mean I was ready to establish something committed with Kiyo again. I’d had sex with Kiyo in the throes of my anger; I had more to think about now that I’d cooled down – and seen Dorian’s face. My head told me we were through, but my heart already missed him. â€Å"Tomorrow,† I said. Kiyo nodded. â€Å"Fair enough. I should probably check in at the clinic anyway.† I honestly didn’t understand the terms of Kiyo’s employment. With his constant visits to the Otherworld, he didn’t seem to have any regular schedule with the emergency vet clinic he worked at. He just seemed to show up whenever he wanted. It was more convenient than my own job for maintaining a dual existence between worlds. Confused feelings or not, I let him kiss me good-bye before I left. There was a part of me that wished I could just stay with him, hiding out in his bed and avoiding the rest of the world. Worlds, even. But I had too much to do. The first thing was to get home and change into clean clothes. I arrived to what initially appeared to be an empty house, but the cars in the driveway tipped me off. Sure enough, a minute or so after I walked inside, I heard Tim’s bedroom door open. He emerged, wearing only jeans, his black hair standing in all directions. â€Å"Hey, Eug. Didn’t expect to see you back.† â€Å"Apparently not. I take it Lara’s in there?† He had the grace to look sheepish. â€Å"Ah, well – â€Å" â€Å"Hi, Eugenie.† Lara appeared in the kitchen beside him, her hair as messed up as his. Her clothes – including Tim’s â€Å"West Coast Powwow 2002† T-shirt – showed signs of hasty assembly. She was blushing, but her embarrassment turned to surprise as she eyed my appearance. She still wasn’t used to seeing me in real life. â€Å"Rough day?† â€Å"Days,† I said. â€Å"Oh †¦ I don’t suppose †¦ I don’t suppose you’d be interested in hearing about some job offers?† It was the first time she’d been hesitant to bring up work. I think she was finally starting to understand the grueling nature of my life and that back-to-back jobs weren’t as easy as checking items off a list. â€Å"Not really. Not for a few days.† â€Å"A few – † She bit off her protest and meekly nodded. I walked around them, heading for my room. â€Å"I’ve got things to do,† I called back to them. â€Å"So you can go back to †¦ whatever it is you were doing.† Truthfully, I didn’t want to do the task hanging before me. I wanted to find whatever baked goods Tim had squirreled away in the kitchen and then take that nap I’d longed for at Kiyo’s. But, no. I’d made a promise to Deanna, one I had to honor, no matter how messed up the rest of my life was. So, after cleaning up and changing, I sat on the edge of my bed and picked up my cell phone. I stared at it for a long time, running my fingers along its edges as I procrastinated. Finally, I dialed a memorized number and waited. There was a good chance that no one would answer. I was calling my mom’s cell phone, though, which gave me better odds than if I’d called her house number. I knew Roland had asked her to keep her distance from me, but after seeing me at the hospital, my mom would likely resist any directives like that – if only out of fear that I’d lost a limb or something. â€Å"Hello?† My breath caught, and I almost couldn’t speak. Just that one word †¦ the sound of her voice. It sent a flood of emotions through me, and I forced myself to remember my mission here. â€Å"Mom?† â€Å"Genie? Are you okay?† she asked promptly. As suspected, she feared limb loss. â€Å"Yeah, yeah, fine. How are you?† â€Å"Fine. Worried about you – like always.† â€Å"I’m okay,† I said. â€Å"Really. But I need †¦ I, um, need to talk to Roland.† Long silence. â€Å"Eugenie – â€Å" â€Å"I know, I know. But I need his help with something. It won’t take long. Just one question. Please.† She sighed. â€Å"Oh, baby. I wish I could, but he’s made it clear †¦ You know how he feels about everything†¦.† â€Å"It’s a human thing,† I said, only partially lying. â€Å"A job in this world. Please, Mom. Just ask him if he’ll talk to me for a minute?† More silence, then another sigh. â€Å"Hang on.† I waited, nervously twisting the fabric of my bed’s duvet. What would happen? The two most likely options were that either my mom would relay his refusal or they would simply hang up on me. But, no. It was Roland’s voice I heard next. â€Å"Yes?† Cold. Wary. After everything that had just happened to me in the Otherworld, hearing his voice nearly broke me. I wanted to sob and beg him to forgive me. Beg him to love me again. My mom had undoubtedly done a fair share of that already, though. She’d clearly had no luck. I had no reason to believe I’d fare any better, so I made my tone match his as I swallowed back tears. Just business here. â€Å"I need a referral,† I said brusquely. â€Å"To a private investigator. One who isn’t going to be freaked out by the stuff we deal with. I figured you must know someone.† â€Å"You need a P.I. to deal with some monster?† he asked harshly. â€Å"No, no. It actually should be pretty mundane – all human stuff. But considering what we do †¦ Well, I thought I should have someone prepared in case things get weird.† I didn’t have any reason for Deanna to interact directly with a P.I. – or for me even to mention her – but I wanted to be safe. â€Å"Well,† said Roland. â€Å"Let’s make it clear: ‘we’ don’t do the same kinds of things.† With great effort, I bit off the retorts that wanted to burst out of me. I wanted to explain for the hundredth time that I’d never expected – or wanted – to reach this level of involvement in the Otherworld. Again, I opted for directness. â€Å"Please, Roland,† I said simply. â€Å"This is for a human family. Just forget about me for a minute.† When he didn’t respond, I thought for sure the anticipated hang-up would come. â€Å"Enrique Valdez,† he said at last. â€Å"You should be able to look up his number. I’ll call too and give him a heads-up.† â€Å"Oh, Roland. Thank you so – â€Å" Click. There it was. I pulled the phone away and held it in front of me again, staring at it as though it were to blame for all my problems. A few moments later, I tossed it on the floor. Anger surged through me, quickly fading into sadness. My eyes fell on my travel pack in the corner, the pack containing the Iron Crown. That – and all it represented – was the source of my problems. I fell back onto my bed, staring up at the glow-in-the-dark stars stuck on my ceiling. Roland, Dorian †¦ I was losing the men in my life. Why, why had Dorian done that? Why had he let me fall in love with him, only to play me? Was that what love meant to him? Was that how all his relationships worked? He’d hurt me, hurt me so terribly, and the petty, dark voice that lived inside me said that if sleeping with Kiyo had hurt Dorian in return, it was no more than he deserved. Kiyo. Kiyo was all I had left now, and I didn’t know if I could trust him either. Before I could ruminate very much on that particular woe, a cold presence filled the room. I sat up quickly, putting aside all my self-pity as Volusian materialized before me. â€Å"Mistress,† he said. â€Å"Volusian,† I replied. â€Å"What’s going on?† â€Å"I’ve come with a message, as you requested.† As always, his words were emotionless, yet he somehow conveyed the feeling that he resented every one of them. â€Å"Queen Katrice has responded to your news of the Iron Crown.† That was fast, even for the Otherworld. â€Å"And?† â€Å"And, she has agreed to a temporary truce.† I shot up from the bed. â€Å"You have got to be kidding.† Volusian didn’t respond. I’d long since learned that any comment I made about him joking or kidding was treated rhetorically. Volusian did not joke or kid. â€Å"It worked,† I murmured, more to myself than him. â€Å"I can’t believe it. Dorian was right.† â€Å"Indeed. But I assume my mistress will not resume carnal relations with him.† I made a face. If there was anyone I hated discussing my sex life with more than Jasmine, it was Volusian. â€Å"No. It doesn’t matter if he was right. He lied to me to make it happen. He should have told me the whole story. He used half-truth means to achieve his ends.† Volusian nodded solemnly. â€Å"I told you that long ago, that the Oak King’s own agenda will always come first. As will the kitsune’s. But, unsurprisingly, my mistress chooses to ignore the only sound advice given to her and instead listens to those who use affection for their own purposes.† The word ‘affection’ was spoken with particular venom. â€Å"Kiyo and Dorian don’t – Look. Stay out of this, okay? I never asked for your ‘sound’ advice. Get back to Katrice. How does this truce work exactly?† â€Å"Hostilities will cease until all parties are able to discuss the current situation. How said discussion proceeds will be settled beforehand by messengers. You and the Oak King may meet with her directly, or you may have representatives do the negotiating.† I tried to picture myself in a room with Dorian and Katrice. Lovely. â€Å"And where would this happen? I’m sure as hell not going to the Rowan Land.† â€Å"That too will be negotiated during this truce,† he said. â€Å"A neutral kingdom is the most likely choice. Shaya would like to discuss that with you at your earliest convenience.† â€Å"I’m sure she would. Go back and tell her I trust her to set up whatever arrangements need to be made. If I have to go myself †¦ well, then I go. I’ll check in with her soon, but come back if anything happens in the meantime.† Volusian waited, and I gestured him away. â€Å"Go.† He vanished, and I sank onto my bed. My eyes fell on the concealed Iron Crown once again, and I dared to wonder if maybe some good had come out of this whole mess. How to cite Iron Crowned Chapter 13, Essay examples

Early Childhood for Caring in Nursing Classics -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEarly Childhood for Caring in Nursing Classics. Answer: The research process, which is utilizes the actual personal experiences of the people within the society and does not depend on the theoretical aspects is known as the empirical research procedure. According to Swanson (2012), empirical research method is known interdisciplinary field of research that utilizes the concepts of sociology, psychology and philosophy to collect data from the society. The analysis of the collected data are quite simple as the data is the actual personal observation of the associated people extracted from the society for the research purpose. This research method is generally used for childcare and child development related research projects. As the data collected in the process represents the thought of society and all the data are collected to determine the verdict of people regarding one aspect, the effectiveness of the research gets enhanced more than other research techniques such as empirical theoretical or basic research techniques. Further the tools used in the experimental design, increases its suitability as usage of cross sectional analysis, robustness checking and panel data IV methods enhances the reliability of the process (Mukherji Albon, 2016). Option F In the experimental sense, paradigm is the experimental setup that contains several experimental standards or frameworks, determined to provide the experimental design with the support of some fine-tuned standards. Therefore, in the aspect of behavioral sciences, paradigm helps the research with providing an aspect utilizing which, will provide the researchers with a way to conduct the respective experiment (Swanson, 2012). These frameworks are inclusive of concepts, theories, postulated, methods to conduct research that creates a justified means for the contribution in the research method. Therefore, in the given question, paradigm refers to the theoretical framework, that helps to develop a research method and hence helps to achieve the goals determined for the respective research (Mukherji Albon, 2016). Option D In the empirical research method, the paradigm of positivism is referred as the means of determining the social reality and was first described by the French philosopher August Comte, according to whom, there are two means to understand the social behavior of human such as observation and reason (Taylor Medina, 2013). This paradigm of positivism depends on factual knowledge that is gained from the scientific observation and data interpretation is done by the researcher through scientific measures. The research in this process focuses on the explanation of scientific observation and predict the consequences. In the child care research process, implementation of paradigm of positivism helps to conduct inductive reasoning and develop hypothesis. Therefore, using these the researchers are able to compare their knowledge and assumptions against the concept of object reality (Mukherji Albon, 2016). Option C In this paradigm, the relation between the research topic and the participants is subjective, as it is based on the understanding of the world and related experiences of the participants. This process uses methodologies such as questionnaires, interviews, polls, which are completely subjective as the individuals experience will determine the responses (Goldkuhl, 2012). Therefore, this method is generally related to the quantitative method of researches, where such tools are used to collect and interpret data. Therefore, the combination of trained researcher and the subjective thinking of human, their observations and interviews creates dilemma for data interpretation. Therefore, from the given option, understanding of social phenomenon or the way people determines meaning of any phenomenon complies with the paradigm of interpretivism (Mukherji Albon, 2016). References Goldkuhl, G. (2012). Pragmatism vs interpretivism in qualitative information systems research.European journal of information systems,21(2), 135-146. Mukherji, P., Albon, D. (2016).Research methods in early childhood: An introductory guide, 3rd Edn, pp. 7-145, Sage. Swanson, K. M. (2012). Empirical development of a middle range theory of caring.Caring in Nursing Classics: An Essential Resource, 211. Taylor, P. C., Medina, M. N. D. (2013). Educational research paradigms: From positivism to multiparadigmatic.The Journal of Meaning-Centered Education,1(2), 1-13.

Jazz Concert Report

Table of Contents Introduction Effects of Performance on the Mind Moods and Expectations Improvisation Interaction during Performance Conclusion Works Cited Introduction As a genre of music, Jazz has been very difficult to define relative to other genres of music. This difficulty arises due to its ever-evolving nature that allows it to borrow from other genres and fuse different musical styles yet maintaining its identity.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Jazz Concert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Jazz has been identified with its origin in America as a black man’s music due to its origin with the black American who developed it and used it as a tool for identity. The difference between jazz and other music genres is that each jazz musician usually comes up with his or her own style and composition through the beats and arrangement of the different musical keys. Although people identify it as a very simple music that can be easily listened and followed by any individual without any musical background, it also comes out as a very complex kind of music due to the way the beats are arranged and played out. Listening to jazz creates different kinds of feelings in an individual. The paper presents a description of jazz music based on a concert performance I attended. Effects of Performance on the Mind Listening to jazz performance gives different feelings to the listener depending on the type of jazz music being played and the mood of the individual listener. Listening to soul jazz leaves a very different feeling within a person because of the way the music plays to the ears and the mind of the individual. When jazz is played, it takes away all the attention of the individual. Therefore, one is able to concentrate on every single beat that is being played. The uniqueness of jazz to the mind comes about from the nature of many jazz compositions, which are unique to each individual c omposer (Stolz 2). After listening to a soul jazz performance, the writer finds that there was calmness at first in the mind of the writer as he kept on listening to the initial beats while trying to connect the rhythm of the specific play. This brought about the serenity of mind that is usually associated with inner peace. One element about jazz music is that it takes few moments of an individual to pick up the rhythm and the beats before he or she can start enjoying the music. Therefore, it requires one to be attentive at first, thus calling the listener to shut everything else to give the wholes stage of the mind to the music. Going to listen to a jazz performance, the writer did not have any predetermined reactions expected from the music other than to listen and plainly enjoy the evening. In the performed piece, the main instruments were the Hammond organ, drums, and the tenor saxophone (Longuet-Higgins and Lee 427).Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's s ee if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When played, the Hammond organ brought about a tranquil ambience that would be disrupted by the saxophone to draw the attention of the audience to the work being done on the stage. When soul jazz is played out, it creates a nostalgic mood that reminds the writer of some past moments of life. It creates a memory lane that one walks through as the beats play out. The monotonic beat of drums holds the whole memory lane narrative as the saxophone leads the mind. Moods and Expectations The expectations of the writer affected his mood when he left the concert. Whereas he expected to listen to music, the ambience that came out of the performance was very relaxing. It gave some mind-provoking thoughts as the writer tried to retrace the performance later on. The writer left the concert more relaxed relative to when he came in because the quality of music that came out due to improvisation was amazing. Watching a jaz z concert is unique in its own way because of the way the audience applauses after any piece has been performed. This generated excitement within the writer as he realized the sharing of the same feeling with other members of the audience (Kamin 285). The writer came out of the concert in an excited spirit by feeling happy about how he had spent his time by maintaining the value for his money. After having attended other music concerts before, jazz performance was unique in its own way because of the element of surprise that would come from the performance. Whereas other concerts were predictable in a way, the jazz concert was very unpredictable due to improvisation by the individual performers. The ability to remix some old pieces with beats from different backgrounds while maintaining the identity of the original piece was amazing. It left the writer excited about how good music can be. Improvisation Improvisation in music can be described as the creation of original works in real time as the performer belts out the performance on stage. As Johnson- Laird explains, â€Å"Improvisation depends on the ability to extemporize new melodies that fit the chord† (415). During the concert, the day’s performance was Gershwin’s rendition. The improvisation beat was achieved through the drums, which were played in a random rhythm that clearly was not part of the scrip, but was infused in the whole piece and fitted in as if it had been rehearsed. The exciting bit about improvisation is evident when the player does it singularly or when the whole group is doing it. This technique was so exciting due to the ability of performers to keep track of the whole performance and/or exit the improvisation without losing their beat. Improvisation in this case brought about excitement in the writer. It led the writer to try to hum along the beat as he kept track of the beat. The most intriguing thing about improvisation is that it is unpredictable and that only t he performer has a clue about what is going to happen next.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Jazz Concert specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This left the writer confused at some moments because the unpredictability of the beats could easily set in with a new tune, thus throwing everyone off track. This style is what makes jazz unique when compared to other forms of music because the melodies have to fit with the chord sequence (Johnson- Laird 415). Improvisation leads to the infusion of different music techniques as performers play out during the concert. During the improvisation section of the music, provocative competence drew my attention most as it cut clearly through the scripted performance to bring out a strange beat in the presentation. The beat was louder relative to all the others besides being more aggressive to the ears. This was mostly done using the saxophone and the Hammond Organ. Barrett describes this mode of improvisation as â€Å"interrupting habit patterns† (607). Although improvisation is usually random, experts believe that most performers rely on stock phrases that they trust so that their performances do not run the risk of becoming incoherent. The performance emulated Ronny Scott’s improvisation styles by using the saxophone more. The style was then backed by the rehearsed beats from other instruments for the recital to maintain its rehearsed track. Chord substitutions were also used in performance to achieve rhythm changes as an improvisation technique. According to Hodson, this technique can be traced back to the 1963 performance by Thelonious Monk’s â€Å"Rhythm A Ning† (68). This form of improvisation brought about intellectual stimulation due to its complex nature. Some pieces of improvisation can be described as simple while others need high technical abilities for the performer to achieve them, thus bordering on intellectual capabi lities. Interaction during Performance Jazz performance is usually a team play. As a result, it requires the interaction between performers themselves as well as the interaction between the performers and audience. Upon watching this jazz performance at a local club, it unfolded out as all other jazz performances. At first, the performers concentrated on their individual instruments as they introduced the performance slowly. At this point, interaction between the group and the audience was minimal. In fact, it changed as the beats started ascending. The middle of the performance ushered in the interaction between performers as saxophonist moved to where the drummer was positioned to play as they danced to the rhythm created by the saxophone. This created a form of communication between performers as their input continued to increase with the tempo. At the same time, as the performance kept on picking. The audience too swung into action as some of them started dancing to the tune and applauding the performance. This spurred the performers to turn to the audience with the saxophonist using the mobile ability to move into the crowd as it played. Applause from the crowd simply animated the performers more and more as the concert hit a crescendo with the performers playing more aggressively.Advertising Looking for report on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kamin compares the reaction of the audience in a jazz performance with that of a rock performance where he finds out that the two performances are similar concerning synergy (280). Whereas a rock performance has a lot of energy, the crowd’s reaction is proportional to the energy of the performance. In case of the jazz performance I attended, the crowd kept swinging according to the beats and rhythm. Every single piece had the crowd applauding at the end while the performers always had a word of thanksgiving. Another way the performers used as an interacting mode was the introduction of a piece of music before the band started playing. This automatically connected the writer with the piece that was going to be played. Jazz pieces always connect an individual to the performance because they require all the attention for the different beats to make sense. Conclusion Following and understanding jazz takes a considerable amount of time and knowledge. However, it is crucial to poin t out that jazz can still be enjoyed by an individual without trying to find out the specific category of jazz. In fact, unlike other genres of music, jazz evolves all the time with a lot of improvisation from individual groups, which fuses so many different styles that cannot be casually defined in the end. Works Cited Barrett, Frank. â€Å"Creativity and Improvisation in Jazz and Organizations: Implications for Organizational Learning.† Organizational Science 9.5 (1998): 605-625. Print. Hodson, Robert. Interaction, Improvisation and Interplay in Jazz. New York (NY): Routledge, 2007. Print. Johnson- Laird, Philip. â€Å"How Jazz Musicians Improvise.† Music Perceptions 19.3 (2002): 415-442. Print. Kamin, Jonathan. â€Å"Parallels in the Social Reactions to Jazz and Rock.† The Black Perspective in Music 3.3(1975): 278-298. Print. Longuet-Higgins, Herbert and Charles Lee. â€Å"The Rhythmic Interpretation of Monophonic Music.† Music Perception 1.1(1984): 42 4-441. Print. Stolz, Nolan. â€Å"Teaching Jazz Improvisation Using Macro Analytical Techniques.† Musical Insights 4.1(2013): 1-20. Print. This report on Jazz Concert was written and submitted by user A1den to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

service and products Essay

service and products Essay service and products Essay Car dealerships and cars are the selected services and products for identifying process design approaches. There are three contrasting approaches for service and they are: self-service, product line approach, and the personal attention approach (Larson & Gray, 2006).†¨ Product Line Approach within a car dealership deals with the efficiency of production services. In this approach, the company controls the execution of each outlet in order to ensure rapid financing and or purchasing of a quality safe service. (Chase, et al. 2006). This approach will be helpful for car dealerships because through this the company will be able to deliver good quality services to the customers. †¨ Self-service Approach: This approach includes customers in the production of services to help enhanced the efficiency of services. This design approach will also be supportive for the customers because it allow one to have input on how car dealerships handle issues in the office and online. Car dealerships deal with customers that say they are just looking versus if they really want to purchase a car, financing, and paperwork issues. People now a days go to the internet first. A down side to visiting a show room is because 88% of customers said they received a lousy presentation and demonstration, and 85% of consumers say their salesperson did not control the sales process or build any rapport or interviewed their sales person. (Dealers Refresh, 2015). Customers that use the self- service approach are mostly the customers that are on line and this does help dealerships focus on the delivery of effective and efficient services in shorter period of time. The personal Attention Approach emphasizes the development of a relationship between customers and the sales person to ensure effective customer services. â€Å"According to Dealer Refresh, 78% of customers that visit a showroom buy a vehicle, 38% of customers purchase a car within 4 hours of visiting their first dealership. (Dealer Refresh, 2015). The use of this approach helps build support and loyalty from the company and the customer. Just like services a product has its own design processes for management and they are: job shop, batch production, assembly line and continuous flow. In the Job shop process task to be completed are handle either by a group of workers or a single worker.†¨In batch production the

Argument essay (research paper) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Argument essay ( ) - Research Paper Example Individual nations require embracing a common culture for mutual understanding. Many cultures exist across the globe. The individual nations have a tendency to practice unique customs. The complexity of the cultures can be a huge barrier to the quest to realize a common culture. Some cultures with strong ideologies are associated with the global conflicts. In fact, the link of certain cultures with wars has been a major concern by powerful nations such as the United States (Dittmer 78). In this respect, a number of complex relations influence the comprehension of the contemporary culture. The media, interculturalism, and globalization have endeavored to promote the mutual cultural understanding. In this regard, the media has continued to portray the values embraced by different cultures. Similarly, globalization has attempted to bring nations with varying cultures together with the intent of shaping the economic and political agendas. However, the efforts to enhance cultural awareness face tremendous challenges. Communication barriers hamper the comprehension a nd incorporation of cultures of different nations. Communication barrier is a major drawback to the realization of a common culture. Different cultures have their way of communicating and interpreting of the messages. Notably, the organizations that operate overseas face the challenge of miscommunication. Consequently, the miscommunication tends to jeopardize cohesion, trust, and teams that outsource. Essentially, the cultural barriers amount to communication challenges in both written and verbal forms. In fact, the communication challenges prompt organizations to invest a lot of effort in decoding and encoding messages. The investment aims at increasing the slow interaction between the multinational companies and the locals. The extent of how the employees in virtual teams reveal their intentions through explicit verbal communication is greatly

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability Essay

Shell uses new refinery new reffinery to support sustainability - Essay Example addition to being a big project, the new transformation process has the potential of creating a new natural gas, which would contribute to earnings for the company. GTL gas is priced at roughly half the normal price of crude oil, which is likely to spur increased demand mostly due to lower natural gas prices. Shell is also likely to win the environmentally conscious consumers and businesses since GTL is purer than the traditional crude thus having a competitive edge over other companies in the energy business. The process of GTL however, has various production and operational barriers. The process is extremely expensive, considering the amount invested in the project, which is $ 19 million, and this has drawn the attention of critics who hold the view that alternative procedures are more cost effective. Moreover, the GTL process consumes a lot of energy, hence posing the question of the effectiveness of the projects’ environmental sustainability. Another barrier facing the venture is the fact that the GTL project can only make profits when oil prices are high and thus the company’s stakes are either a loss or a win with this particular venture. In the event of the project’s failure after 5 years, the company should not abandon the project all together. With the experience it had with a similar project in Malaysia, this should be an indication that the company should remain optimistic and keep the project running. The company should take into consideration the experience with the previous project to know what to do and what to avoid in this particular venture. Having worked through the numerous glitches in the GTL process, the company should be more confident in undertaking this particular project. Finally, Shell stand s to win more profitable relationships in future in case this project succeeds in the rich labour and energy resources Qatar. Thus, Shell should consider continuing with the venture even if it was to fail after 5

Evaluate what Technological Needs & Barriers do International Students Research Paper

Evaluate what Technological Needs & Barriers do International Students face in accessing the Library Services at Bournemouth Uni - Research Paper Example Assumptions by quantitative purist are in consistent with positivist philosophy. This implies that, social observations should be considered as entities in the same manner physical phenomena are treated by physical scientists. In addition to that, quantitative purists argue that, entities subjected to observation are separate from the observer. Moreover, they write that, inquiries in social sciences need to be objective. Therefore, context-free and time generalizations are necessary and social scientific results real causes should be in a position to be determined validly and reliably (Foley 2010, p.18). On the contrary, qualitative purists are not in support of positivism. Qualitative purists are also referred to as interpretivists and constructivists. This group is in support of idealism, humanism, constructivism, relativism, postmodernism and hermeneutics superiority. Unlike quantitative purists, they contend that, content-free and time generalizations are neither possible nor rel iable. In addition to that, they put across that, any research has a bound value. As a result, it is quite difficult to fully differentiate effects and causes, and the flow of logic follows a particular pattern. That is, from specific to general. For example, through the utilization of the collected data, explanations can be inductively generated. Furthermore, knower cannot be alienated from known. This is because knower being subjective acts as a basis of reality (Johnson and Onwuegbuzie 2004, p.14). There are differences between inductive and deductive logic. In deductive logic, a researcher utilizes large volumes of information and comes up with conclusions. On the other hand, inductive logic generalizes information using a single information piece. Rationale for the Research Methodology Utilization of mixed methods helps in bridging the division that exists between qualitative and quantitative research. The research focusing on an aspect that is specific, it is therefore signifi cant to utilize mixed method. Qualitative research will emphasize on interpretive knowledge. The knowledge is remarkably essential in the public relations and marketing communications field. For purposes of answering survey questions and obtaining of data that is deductive, quantitative method will be of great value (Daymon & Holloway 2002). In addition to that, data collection and analysis in qualitative responses that are embedded can aid in explaining and augmenting survey responses that are contradictory or complex. Moreover, qualitative methods are essential in removing bias. As a matter of fact, they help the researcher in testing or empirically justifying their affirmed hypothesis. Despite the benefits, the mixed method has its own limitations and challenges. For instance, the conversion of qualitative data into quantitative form results to loss of data flexibility and depth. Similarly, data that is quantified is one-dimensional and fixed. This means that, they have a limited response that represents a conceptual group that is determined before data is collected from the field. Research Methodology The research design proposed is that of mixed method. It will be accomplished in twofold phases. The first phase comprises of a process that is qualitative for purposes of data analysis and collection. The second phase will comprise a quantitative process. The process will aid in obtaining data that is

Research in sports coaching

Research in sports coaching Coaching In recent years coaching has become a much larger area for research, this is so that the complexity of the coaching process may finally be understood. Due to the nature of professional sport demanding a high quality of coaching there have been rapid developments in coaching as a profession (Woodman, 1993).As a result of this increased need for success in coaching it is becoming more desirable for other coaches to be able to replicate the same coaching processes that have proved successful previously, to do this researchers have attempted to model the coaching process. As thought by Lyle the approach to coaching may be seen as a sequential process, it is described as dynamic and systematic process that follows lots of stages and includes many contextual factors (Lyle, 1993). In similar research by Borrie and Knowles they also agree with the rationalistic approach, this was defined as a ‘series of stages that the coach has to go through to help the athlete learn and improveâ€⠄¢ (Borrie and Knowles, 2003). In lots of research it is clear that many researchers believe the process may be modelled, examples of this are shown by Lyle, Fairs and Sherman. These examples of research show that the coaching process is methodical and may be condensed into a diagram form for representation of how the process is carried out (Lyle, 2002; Fairs, 1987; Sherman et al., 1997). Following a successful representation of the coaching process via a model that can be easily replicated, the potential for improvements in education and teaching of these coaching processes is huge as it allows coaching as a profession to become more effective (Csikszentmihalyi et al., 1993; Jones and Wallace, 2005). Not all research into the coaching process supports the same argument, for example Jones and Wallace (2005) suggest that it doesn’t follow a sequential pattern and cannot be rationalised. This is due to the process being seen to have too many external factors that have to be included, as a result of this the process is viewed as an inherently ambiguous activity that cannot be modelled (Jones and Wallace, 2005). In recent years Jones et al (2004) have focused on the intricate and dynamic nature of how coaches help to prepare athletes for competition (Jones, Armour and Potrac, 2004). The conflicting research that has been conducted on the coaching process leads to a belief that coaching may be too complex to be modelled as the contradictory understanding affects the accuracy of each model. Although coaching is clearly a very complex process it has still been looked at from a rationalistic viewpoint in an attempt to model the process. Lyle suggests that for an improvement in coaching education to occur we must first understand the coaching process in principle (Lyle, 1999). By using a rationalistic perspective to look at the coaching process Lyle suggests the process can be modelled and will therefore have a subsequent effect on improving coaching education (Lyle, 1999). In the research conducted by Lyle it also suggests that there are two types of models for coaching, these are models of and for the coaching process. Models for coaching come from an idealistic perspective that derives from the use of assumptions made about how the process is carried out; On the other hand models of coaching lean more towards analysing successful coaching practice to produce a method of the coaching process (Cushion et al., 2006; Lyle, 1999).Categorising the types of research helps to i dentify the purpose of current models as well as identifying the structures of such models. In 1987 the objectives model was created by Fairs, this was developed by using a systematic approach to identify the key sections that form the coaching process structure. This model identifies that coaching follows a number of structured stages that are also seen as being interrelated (Cushion et al., 2006; Fairs, 1987). This model can therefore be used to effectively represent coaching in a diagrammatical form, however the nature of the model still allows for flexibility due to an emphasis on analysing and reassessment of targets (Cushion et al., 2006).The objectives model does link in well with the coaching process whilst still being logical, however this model has taken criticism due to the overly simplistic nature throughout the structure of the model (Cross and Ellis, 1997; Jones and Wallace, 2005; Lyle, 1999).The criticism has arose mainly due to the lack of detail when looking into the coach athlete relationship. There are many contextual factors that haven’t been acco unted for which therefore leads to the model not being directly specific to the coaching process (Jones and Wallace, 2005). The main downside to the objectives model is that the athlete coach dynamic isn’t highlighted to show a good representation of the interpersonal relationship that is clear for anyone who has taken part in sport, due to this there is a lack of validity because of the lack of connection to real coaching practice (Cushion et al., 2006). Following the critique of Fairs (1987) objective model Lyle (1999) produced a model that would aim to support that the coaching process does follow a rationalistic and sequential process but also wanted to take into account the complex contextual factors that the objective model lacked. Lyle’s model has also been criticised for its lack of flexibility when trying to adapt to the messy reality of practice (Cushion et al., 2006), for example; the model fails to reflect on how a coach may have to adapt to not many people turning up, this occurs regularly in sport as there is a constant flow of power between the coach and athlete showing that nobody is ever completely powerless (Layder, 1994). Although these models are beneficial to outlining the coaching process and its factors, they are still limited as to how much they can be used as an educative tool, this is due to the overall lack of in depth knowledge relating to the social dynamics that occur between the coach and athlete (Cushion, 2004). As the need for a fixed model to describe and show how the coaching process happens is large research has almost been forced to condense the process in an attempt to conceptualise and rationalise coaching, this however has led to the models being unable to make sense of the ambiguous nature that occurs during coaching practice (Jones et al., 2004; Jones and Wallace, 2004). Although in some cases models have attempted to investigate the interactions between coach and athlete they haven’t been able to understand the realistic complexity that underpins the relationships (Jones and Wallace, 2005). Viewing coaching as an inherently ambiguous activity leads us to begin to see that attempting to model coaching is counterproductive when trying to understand the practical applications of coaching (Jones et al., 2004; Jones and Wallace, 2005). Poczawardowski et al (2002) attempted to understand the coaching process further by taking a phenomenological approach to investigate the coach/athlete dynamic. This approach supported the theory that the athlete/coach relationship doesn’t follow certain patterns and have fixed reciprocal interactions (Poczawardowski et al., 2002). Again the complex athlete coach relationship was found to be unique for each individual interaction, this supports that both the athlete and coach personally author their own actions during the interactions. Jones and Wallace (2005) suggest that in order to improve coaching practice as a whole the coaches should practice situations where they themselves have low controllability and incomprehensibility, this will benefit the coaches as they will develop skills to quickly evolve to changing circumstances that require different measures of organisation and planning, doing so will lead to a more realistic expression of actual coaching practice (Jones an d Wallace, 2005). Using this method suggests that coaching is linked to orchestration as it has been shown that expert coaches recognise the parameters and respond by acting in an unobtrusive and flexible manner so as to adapt to the ever changing situation that coaching is subjected to (Jones et al., 2004). Even though there is rapid increase in acknowledgement of the coaching process as a whole and in the area, there is still a lack of a definitive list of concepts and factors to create a clear conceptual base to understand the coaching practice accurately (Cushion et al., 2006). All of the rationalistic models created to help better understand the coaching practice have been criticised, generally where all concepts fail is in the understanding of the unpredictable situations that arise during coaching, the main part of which is the extraneous variables that occur during both the athlete/coach relationship and factors that may affect training (Gould et al., 1990). Detailed research by Jones and Wallace (2005) and Poczwardowski et al (2002) revealed the real complexity of the coaching process by stating it as an ‘inherently ambiguous activity’ (Jones and Wallace, 2005). After looking at the literature surrounding the coaching process it has become clear that the coaching pr ocess is too complex to be modelled and attempting to do so is counterproductive.

Catalysts In ?A View From The Bridge? And ?The Glass Menagerie? :: essays research papers

Just as in science, a catalyst speeds up the rate of the chemical reaction; in literature, a catalyst is a person, idea or event that initiates and develops the conflict of the story. In â€Å"A View from the Bridge† and â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, the catalysts used are introduced at different points in the plays and play different roles. In â€Å" A View from the Bridge†, Rodolpho, the catalyst, is introduced in the exposition, and plays a major role in the play. He initiates the conflict by being attracted to Catherine, and by the fact that Catherine is attracted to him as well. The fact that he is introduced in the exposition, allows for the author to develop his character, and thus allows for the audience to sympathise with him instead of Eddie. This development gives the audience a high quality catalyst as it can relate to Rodplpho. Rodolpho creates a heavy tension in the family, due to his relationship with Catherine. This tension relates to the play’s theme of obsession as it is caused by Eddie’s obsession with Catherine. How Rodolpho relates to the main theme and develops the tension make him a quality catalyst. Jim, the catalyst in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†, is introduced in the complications of the play, and though he initiates the conflict, he does not develop it. This may be due to the fact that he was introduced too late into the play, and because his character was not developed. This underdevelopment of his character produces a lower quality catalyst as the audience cannot relate to Jim, and also because he participates little in the play. The tension created by Jim relates to the theme of betrayal, when he tells Laura that he is engaged after he led her on and kissed her. Jim’s inefficiency to develop the plot results in a less dramatic climax in â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†.

Background of the Story Essay

In a much lighter context, Giovanni’s room tries to intricately explain the reasons behind men becoming gays. The matter, discussed through experiential accounts brings the story into a more emotional presentation of the issue thus creating a more attractive environment of understanding for the readers to indulge into. Aside from this, the story written by James Baldwin also aims to reiterate the psychological background of the reasons behind the personality changes that are happening among men and how the situations in their lives particularly affect their decisions and their relationships. The story begins in a narration of the main character, David, as he describes Giovanni’s room. Giovanni is primarily one among the few men whom David had been deeply involved with. The room of Giovanni has been described to have been always dark and less lighted. Perhaps signing about the privacy and the intimacy that the room represents, Giovanni’s room remains to be an ideal depiction of the relationships between men that occurred in that specific place in the story. As the story goes on to, David’s character shows a particular confusion in his gender especially with regards his relationships with both men and women. Basing from his background, it could be observed that he has been rather placed in that particular situation especially based from the past experiences that he has been dealing with as he grew towards his maturity that both involved the relationship of his mother and his father. From the said background, it could be noted that being a gay or being a bisexual, as the story suggests on the main character, could simply be sourced out from having a less guiding father thus making him more vulnerable to life challenges especially with regards gender issues. A Social Connotation of the Story UNTIL 1861 homosexuality was an offense punishable by death in England. In fact, the possibility of imprisonment for homosexual acts was not lifted there until as recently as 1967. Many other Western countries have a similar history. In recent years, however, laws and attitudes have greatly changed. In California, by way of example, a candidate for San Francisco’s office of mayor promised to appoint homosexual to city boards and commissions in proportion to their share of the population, estimated at about 15 percent. As a result, homosexuals gave her their support at the polls. Men and women prominent in public life can now be homosexuals quite openly. Many clergymen are self-confessed â€Å"gays,† freely advocating such a way of life. Homosexuality no longer is viewed by many as having the stigma it used to have. It has achieved a degree of â€Å"respectability. † Since the First World War, the authority of the priests and clergy of Christendom has been challenged. People are no longer willing to accept without question what the churches say. They have demanded greater freedom, especially as far as morality is concerned. Why, then, do people become homosexuals? What is behind the ever-increasing surge in their numbers? There is hardly an issue that has been more hotly contested in recent years. The Roman Catholic report mentioned earlier comments: â€Å"Most young people appear to pass through a phase when the homosexual tendency is dominant; but the emotional growth can be halted at this stage. † Teen-age years are years of stress. Young boys and girls often find it difficult to relate to one another without embarrassment at that time of life. So we often see polarization—groups composed exclusively of boys or of girls. Most are able to make the necessary adjustments and achieve a balance in sexual life. Sadly, however, there are many pitfalls. Commenting on some of these, the secretary of the Responsible Society in England said: â€Å"We are very worried about the strident proselytizing going out to teenagers from militant homosexual campaigners. There is overwhelming evidence in the American Masters and Johnson survey that homosexuality is learned behavior. † High schools and universities are a natural ground for such development. The Little Blue Book passed to Oxford, England, students has this to say: â€Å"Many gays ‘come out’ (i. e. start being open about being gay) when they are at college or university. Leaving home perhaps for the first time, is often an escape from certain pressure and expectations. Furthermore students tend to be more tolerant and open-minded towards homosexuals, at least on a superficial level. † Scotland’s Glasgow University’s free guide to ‘gay sex,’ entitled â€Å"Gay Scene,† offers the following advice: â€Å"If you find that you are sexually attracted to people of the same sex as yourself, the best thing to do is to accept it. † One incensed parent is reported as saying: â€Å"There are many young students who could be corrupted by this sort of material. † In other words—homosexuality can be prevented, just as it can be learned. There is one additional aspect of homosexuality that is often pushed into the background. It concerns the incidence of venereal diseases among homosexuals. How serious is this problem? VD clinics in England get an unexpectedly high rate of homosexuals. Said one health visitor: â€Å"I think that’s because they are more promiscuous, making more casual encounters than other people. † Bearing out this fact as a worldwide problem, in New York city 55 percent of the cases of infectious syphilis in 1977 occurred among homosexual males. Free-lance medical writer Terry Alan Sandholzer reported: â€Å"Syphilis in gay men has been estimated to account for as high as 50 percent of reported cases in large cities and about a third of the cases nationally. † Surely that is a high price to pay for sexual â€Å"liberation. † As homosexuality has come out into the open, so there has been a concerted effort to impart a new image to the practice. The word â€Å"homosexual,† with its accent on â€Å"sex,† has been viewed disapprovingly. Into prominence instead is the term â€Å"gay. † The Concise Oxford Dictionary notes that this word, used in this sense, is a euphemism, a mild word substituted for a harsh or direct one. The same can be said of â€Å"homophilia† and â€Å"homophile,† as sometimes used. If one were going to enter the homosexual world, then it would be wise to face the facts about VD in that world. Certainly, as the story of Giovanni’s room displays the actual life of homosexual, it could not be denied that such course of life has its consequences. Likely, such course of life, even though sourced out from a primary confusion, it could not be denied that it simply cannot be lived without the counteracting results that such acts brings about to the individual involved in the said situation. A Reflection Based on Other Writings Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Self Reliance and Khaleid Housinni’s Kite Runner could be well connected to the social description of the story of Giovanni’s room. At some point, the authors of the said selections choose to show the human society as a primary source of distress that affects the life of most human individuals. Self-reliance particularly notes how people resort to certain acts so as to survive several challenges in life that they face every now and then. In the same way, the story of the Kite Runner notes the fact that people are indeed in direct receiver of the situations that are happening in the society. The way that they are able to face such issues, whether personal or social, is the reflecting element that usually identifies who they are and what they particularly believe in. (Housinni, 2003, 18) Obviously, such idealism in personal development is derived from a rather psychological perspective that identifies social and personal sociology to be particularly connected with each other. How could this idealism be observed in particular? The naturalistic approach in observation could then be further applied. This fundamental research methodology is known to divulge and aid the psychologist in his or her critical analysis of the human behavior and characteristics while in socially acceptable public domain in his or her course of interacting with other individuals in their aspect of addressing their sociological needs. In this aspect of human interaction, psychologist try to significantly analyze the human nature as shown by their actions both involving the verbal and non-verbal communication style and how individuals manifest their motives while adhering to the social values and cultures pertaining to public communication. Naturalistic observation is commonly an actual observation of subjects mainly while they are in their course of social interaction specifically while they are in the public place. In the course of implementing this method, the researcher must also observe social values and cultural manners thus preventing any offensive act during the observation. In addition, the concept of personal privacy and inappropriate intrusion should also be constantly observed while the researcher is observing the subjects. All of these limitations must be implemented while the researcher observed the subjects in an isolated nature keeping his or her presence unnoticed and ideally absent to the personal space of the subject during their interaction. (Houssini, 2003, 18) The only aspect to be focused on in this project is the psychological behavior of the subject as manifested by their very intricate details such as gestures, voice, reaction, facial expression and impression and others. If applied within the situation of David in Giovanni’s room along with the other selections, it could be observed that humans particularly show who they are with the things that they choose to engage in with their daily activities. The people they mingle with also characterizes their personal attributes thus giving a reflection of their past and how they have been particularly molded by the experiences that they have been dealing with at present. Among the most compelling relation of the stories towards each other are the death of the supposed partner [lover; Giovanni and brother; Hassan] characters who for some reason had the chance of living but had to let go to let their counterparts live. Undeniably, the removal of their character within the said stories aim to press on with the possibility of those whom they left to change their ways thus create a much better life for them. However, with either a false or faithful hope that this would happen, the ones that they left to live actually made it through life with lies and pretentious acts still living within the secrets that they once kept back when they still had both Hassan and Giovanni in their lives. The contemporary life of human individuals has indeed caused a much easier process of concealing what they really are inside. Just to be able to secure themselves from all the possible insecurities that the society might imply on them, many among men and women today intend to pretend someone who they are not simply to be accepted by others. The fear of being rejected and bemused by those closest to them makes them fearful of the possible things that may happen of they open up to others the reality of their identity as a person. This indeed is an indication of fear due to social norms. If negatively taken, as seen on both stories, this particular aspect of living with the society would only bring one towards the foolish happiness that is brought about by being falsely accepted by the community that one particularly lives in. A Connection with the Kite Runner The whole theme of the story of â€Å"The Kite Runner† revolved around the lives of two young children who were from different classes of the society. Social prejudice of the economic status of people has been the main reason why the problem of diversity in Afghanistan has risen as portrayed in the story. This factor indeed contributed so much to the story’s complication, which resulted to the guilt driven emotions of the main character Amir, when he was not able to come to the rescue of his friend Hassan. In this story, a clear display of the society’s major problem on prejudice and equality has been shown. Concentrating on the more personally based assessment of the situation as portrayed by Amir, the social problems depicted in the story makes it easier to understand why people take lesser courage in making a change in the present social situation, be guilty later on and then set goals in making a change in a less complex and fearful way. Yes, in a concise display of events, the author tried to help the reader’s picture out the most important events of the situation that would likely connect the story with the intense effect of social diversity to individuals in the society. The consequences are shown to be much dreadful enough to keep a person from moving on with his own life, because of the fact that the lack of courage that drives a person to ignore the things that are supposed to be done by him in the first place. Certainly, an inner healing is necessary for certain situations such as this. It is normal for a person to feel down from not being able to complete or live up to a certain self-expectation. However, inner healing is not that easy to find. As for the main character of the story, it could be noted that the healing of his conscience mainly came form the fact that he had to come back to Afghanistan to find his find with a plan of making it up to him in any way he could. Although he was not able to do the said task as he has expected things to come along, he was still able to help himself regain his clear conscience through helping the son of his friend Hassan to have a change of life under his care. As it could be noted, the story was plotted to show the deeper individual effects of the social differences among men as well as the effects of war on relationships between people. The existence of such issues has made the characters reflect the actual situation of individuals in the society especially focusing on the Afghanistan society. (Howard, 2003, Internet) One more them of the story, which should be given attention, is the picture of reality portrayed by Amir. His lack of courage in doing things that they know should be done is a problem by many people today. Although they know that something within their power could change several situations in the society, their fear of several elements in the society keeps them from doing any courageous change. This was shown when Amir failed to save his friend Hassan from the hands of the bully, Assef. As a result, his conscience has not made him completely relieved from moving away from Afghanistan ever since. Instead, he was continuously haunted by the past and the things that he was supposed to do for his friend (Kirszner, 2001, 90). At the same picture, several people today find it difficult to forget the past especially the situations that involves them with the things that they were supposed to do and yet they did not have much of the courage that it takes for them to do it. As a way of relieving the pain brought about by the past, people tend to find ways in which they could still change what happened. As for the situation of Amir, he tried to return to Afghanistan to supposedly make it up with Hassan. As it could be noted from the overview of the story, although Amir was not able to make it up to his half brother Hassan, he was able to clear his conscience by taking care of the son of Hassan instead. In the same way, people today find a way to heal their aching hearts through returning back to what has happened in the past and later on try to change things for the people that they were supposed o help before. This way, their conscience is then cleared off from the shortcomings that they incurred against others before. As mentioned earlier, people tend to get hurt from many things. Usually, their experiences of several different situations they have been involved with, brings them the discouragement that they ought to feel after not being able to do what they were supposed to. This then brings them several psychological disturbances that keep them from moving on freely with their lives. The fear of doing what they should have done before might have been governed by several factors in the society that kept them from being able to complete their supposed tasks before (Hill, 2000, Internet). Certainly, because of the said elements, doing what is right might not have been that easy. Aside from this, it is quite easier to understand that the situation is harder to deal with when it is happening at the actual time. The lack of time to think things over makes it harder for a person to realize what should be immediately done to solve some things (Coon, 2001, 54,55). This is naturally what happened to Amir upon seeing the bully beat his friend. Along with fear and panic, he was not able to come up with the possible solution that he was supposed to apply during the said situation. People tend to lack courage when they are faced with the actual crisis. However, after some time of thinking things over, they begin to realize that there could have been better results if they did have the courage to do their ethical responsibilities regarding the situation. What is meant by redemption and healing? Naturally, this means recovery from any possible scourge that has been experienced by one in the past. Being healed, means being able to cure what has been causing one the pain that is felt in an emotional state as for this matter (Coon, 20001, 56). Hence, healing does not only involve mere mind works. It has to involve actions that would help the individual free himself from the guilt that he is feeling from within his conscience. Basing from how the main character tried to resolve his personal issues regarding his past shortcomings against his friend, coming back to the origin of his guilt feelings has helped him realize the possibility for him to clear his conscience from the guilt that has mainly plagued his thoughts for a long time. As for the present situation of the society, to redeem themselves from the psychological and emotional disturbances brought about by the past, people opt to find ways by which they can still change things even though the change may not be done directly to the people they have once failed to help (Coon, 2001, 58). The changes that this certain courageous act by an individual that naturally results to betterment of many or even of a few would then help that individual to regain his clean conscience thus clearing him from all the guilt that has been keeping him from moving on with his life before. Several issues that divide it to several classes govern the society today. Aside from the race, economic status makes it harder for an individual to deal with the society in a fair way. Yes, today, the main reason why people tend to separate themselves from others is the existence of social prejudice. What is prejudice? According to the article entitled, â€Å"They found the solution to the problem of race†: â€Å"Education is the key to ending present condition of prejudice. When this key is missing, prejudice often results. Prejudice is a prejudgment, a judgment arrived at before persons have really examined the evidence regarding the matter involved. Then, because of their prejudice, they are inclined to discriminate against others. (Awake! 1999, 14) Certainly, the social division makes it harder for people to deal with each other in a fair way. In the same way, the governments and the non-government organizations, which are supposed to give answers to the said social issues, have a hard time finding ways by which they would be able solve the disturbances. As a result, they have to deal with the guilt that they gain from not being able to give answers to the most important issues in the human society. To be able to clear their guilt, they tend to solve the issues after several years when the pressure on the issue is already lessened and the attention of the society towards the issue has already been shifted to other problems (Coon, 2001, 60). Prejudice however remains to be the main reason why people are having a hard time dealing with a divided society. Basing from actual accounts in the society, prejudice is a major problem that makes it harder for people to find peace and security in their own communities. As it has been portrayed in the story of the â€Å"Kite Runner†, the divisive culture of people cannot be easily dealt with. As a result, more roots of social issues arise from the very said social illness. It is a responsibility of everyone else in the society to face the challenge of acting against the effects of prejudice. By being completely free from the thoughts of being superior from others should help everyone realize that they have to stand for their fellowmen when they are faced with the oppression of prejudice like that of the situation between Hassan and Amir in the story. For this reason, it would be more possible for people to avoid the guilt of not being able to complete their responsibilities to their fellowmen. Healing and redemption is an essential part of the society’s recovery from the effects of social prejudice. Individuals who have been naturally involved in the deeper effects of the said social issues are the ones who are supposed to find ways by which they could be able to handle their inner distress brought about by social inequalities. Changing how the world views not everyone with differences in an unequal manner may be that easy to deal with, but a single person’s courage of taking the lead to make a change on how people deal with prejudice is a great step towards a fairer society that does not divide society based on several classes of differences. Conclusion The readings featured within this analysis actually note the social issues that are primarily making up the human population today. Naturally, such particular issues have subjected many into a certain situation that caused them to readjust their thoughts with regards the people that they meet with every now and then in their own communities. Considerably, such situation causes many to be subjected to several pretensions that they need to do, just to keep the reality of their personalities. Understandably though, there are some individuals who suffer deeply from this particular situation, some who are less able to adjust themselves to the living that society actually demands of them. For so many reasons, facing these particular situations require that one be most capable of showing who he really is even in the middle of adversaries. Being strongly attached to one’s own personal being and identity actually makes one more susceptible to the different challenges of human living, This would then allow them of becoming the best person that they can even in the middle of hard situations. This is what is being implanted to the thoughts of the readers through the narration of the stories of Amir and David as well as that of the statements of Ralph Waldo Emerson. These writings actually make it certain that people are directly affected by the situations that they are facing everyday. Undeniably, they are given the chance to react considerably in the process pf change in life. This is actually a matter of change and learning. Sometimes though, the learning in this process actually involves other people who are at times subjected into being involved in the lesser state of the relationship among the ones who are facing the dreadful situation of pretension. However, their existence, although lesser is indeed noted of its importance to those whom they shared their lives with. References: Ralph Waldo Emerson: Self-Reliance (1841). http://www. wsu. edu/~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_2/emerson. html. (June 30, 2008). James Baldwin. (2000). Giovanni’s Room. Delta Publications. Khaled Hosseini. (2003). The Kite Runner. Riverhead Books. Austen, Roger (1977). Playing the Game: The Homosexual Novel in America, 1st ed. , Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company. ISBN 978-067252287X. Guidelines for Psychotherapy With Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients. http://www. apa. org/practice/glbt. pdf. (July 3, 2008). Why is there war. (2000). Awake! Brooklyn New York. They found the solution to the problem of race. (1999). Awake! Brooklyn New York. Hill, Amelia. The Observer. (Sunday September 7, 2003). An Afghan hounded by his past. http://books. guardian. co. uk/reviews/generalfiction/0,6121,1036891,00. html. (July 3, 2008). Howard, Edward. The Servant. (August 3, 2003). The New York Times. http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9504E0DF123FF930A3575BC0A9659C8B63. (July 3, 2008). Coon, Dennis. (2001). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to mind and behavior. Thompson Learning Incorporated. Kirszner, Laurie G. (2001) Litterature: reading, reacting and writing. Harcourt College Publishers.